Wis[s]e Words

Reporting War
Stuart Allan & Barbie Zelizer (editors)
374 pages including index
published in 2004

Having kept a politically orientated weblog the past half decade or so I've become acutely aware of the limitations of journalism, particularly during wartime. The current war for South Ossetia provides a good example of these limitations, were we're seeing live how difficult it is for journalists to even get to the combat zone, not to mention how dangerous, as the death of a Dutch camera man proved. Perhaps more worrying, as the conflict continued the reporting on it which started off fairly neutral has become more and more partisan, especially once the United States and the European Union got involved in its resolution, with Russia pictured as the agressor when in fact it was Georgia who started the war. Russian statements are treated with skepticism while quotes from approved official sources, like the Pentagon or NATO are quoted verbatim. In general the war is treated through an American or European lens, rarely from the point of view of the Russians or Georgians, let alone the Ossetians...

All these problems are described in Reporting War, a collection of essays on the role of journalism in wartime, its difficulties and dillemas. Published a year after the American invasion of Iraq, a lot of attention is of course paid to the problems of that particular war. The book doesn't just look at the role of the journalists themselves, but also how they are dealt with by armies and governments involved in war, with a specific focus on the US army's management of journalist during the first and second Gulf War. What's more, several essays look beyond the physical reaity of reporting wars to the role the media plays in general in covering wars. Not every conflict is covered equally after all.

Read more...

Read more about:
Stuart Allan Barbie Zelizer, Reporting War, journalism, book review

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It's August 1st, so time for a new list of books read. Lots of history at the start of the month, as I had just bought a pile of them in June. Also a lot of Sayers novels, as I'm in the process of rereading them in order. Little in the way of science fiction this time, as I just haven't been in the mood for it.

Europe: Privilege and Protest 1730-1789 -- Olwen Hufton
A look at European history in the decades before the French revolution would decisively end the world of the Ancien Regime, showing how interlocking systems of privilege ruled this world, both priviledges enjoyed by the leite, but also by more humbler folk. A much more modern history of the same period as covered by Europe of the Ancien Regime 1715-1783 I read at the end of June.

The World Turned Upside Down -- Christopher Hill
During the English civil war of parliament against king, there were people who wanted to go much further than parliament was willing to go, to revolutionise class relations in England. Diggers, Levelers and others for a few precious years created a glimpse of a more just, more equal society, a "World Turned Upside Down".

Europe Between Revolutions 1815-1848 -- Jacques Droz
After the French revolution had been finally repressed in 1815, a deliberate attempt was made to restore the stability of the Ancien Regime as well as the authority of the old ruling classes. Jacques Droz is excellent in making clear the stresses and contradictions between the ideal and reality that would ultimately lead to the failure of this.

The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club -- Dorothy L. Sayers
The fourth Wimsey novel, again a novel in which the detective story is used as a lens through which to look at contemporary British society. In this case it's the impact the First World War had on the lives of an entire generation of veterans, coming to terms with their experiences as well as their difficulties adjusting to civilian life.

The Structures of Everyday Life -- Fernand Braudel
The first installment in Braudel's three part examination of the roots of capitalism, it's a much easier read than his earlier books on the Mediterranean I read a few years ago. This part examines how ordinary people lived, how they interacted with the wider economy from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, when our current capitalist societies were being formed.

Strong Poison -- Dorothy L. Sayers
The novel that introduces Harriet Vane to the Lord Peter Wimsey series and Wimsey falls in love with her immediately. Some may think her somewhat of a Mary Sue, and there certainly may be hints of Mary Sueness here, but in the end she's strong enough to be more than that. In the context of reading the entire Wimsey series in order, it's clear this is a hinge point for it, where you can see the mood of the series shift.

Five Red Herrings -- Dorothy L. Sayers
Reading this for the first time I liked it, but was still unfamiliar enough with Sayers to realise how much this not just a traditional detective novel of a kind Sayers never attempts anywhere else, but a critique of them. It's quite jarring in tone with the rest of the series, not fitting in with either the pre or the post-Strong Poison novels. In fact, it reads like Sayers meant it as an example of how not to write a detective novel, with all its fuzzing about train tables and such.

Imperial Life in the Emerald City -- Rajiv Chandrasekaran
A good but limited critique of the United States occupation of Iraq, which concentrates on the blunders made by the CPA, but which doesn't question the fundamental right of America to actually be in the country.

New Skies -- Patrick Nielsen Hayden (editor)
A collection of science fiction stories from the past two decades, aimed at younger readers new to science fiction. Some duds, but on the whole it does give a good oversight of what you can expect from the genre.

Last van de Oorlog -- Stef Scaliola
A history thesis turned into a book, this looks at the ways in which the debate about the wars fought by the Netherlands to hold on to Indonesia in 1946-1949, in particular the warcrimes committed during it and how these have been covered up or revealed. Scaliola looks at the roles journalists, historians, politicians and the veterans themselves played in this process of remembrance.

Britain's Gulag -- Caroline Elkins
Incredibly depressing, this is the history of Britain's attempt to quash the Kenyan struggle for independence, largely by emulating the way the nazis behaved in Poland. Pogroms, a massive concentration camp system in which almost the neitre Kikuyu population of Kenya was held as slave labour, roaming death squads and institutionalised torture of the worst kind were all part of this attempt to crush the Mau Mau rebellion and make the Kikuyu into obedient, loyal subjects of the white settler population. All this seven years after World War 2.

Eight O'Clock Ferry to the Windward Side -- Clive Stafford Smith
Clive Stafford Smith is one of the volunteer lawyers respresenting the detainees in Guantanamo Bay. This is his personally informed account of America's Gulag Archipelo and its absurdities. Remarkable funny in places.

Read more about:
book review, posts interesting only to me

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The disasters that have been Iraq and Afghanistan had sort of silenced all the humanitarian interventionists, decent leftists, war liberals and all the other surviving members of the "let you and him fight international brigage these past two years or so, but boy did the War for South Ossetia bring them back. Suddenly they have a new purpose in life, a new spring in their step: the Russians are back and everything's all right with the world. No longer do they have to trouble themselves with tawdry, unwinnable wars in dusty countries nobody really cares about but for the oil; the Russian Bear is back and it's happy party time for the Cold Warriors.

And nowhere more so than at the Henry Jackson Society, where Mark Attila "it's the Serbs! The Serbs!" Hoare has been moved to ever highers flights of fancy in his descriptions of What's To Be Done. As Aaronovitch Watch commented: "We have occasionally described the Henry Jackson Society in the past as the "I've got a cardboard box on my head and I'm a tank commander" element of British Decency - the breakfast cereal must be ankle deep on the floor at Peterhouse College today"

But he got competition, from none other than Denis "failed New Labour minister McShamne", exhorting us at Comment is Free to stand Shoulder to shoulder against Russia:

As Sir Roderick Braithwaite, the astute former ambassador in Moscow and a man sympathetic to Russians pointed out some time ago, Russia has done far more invading than it has been invaded. Napoleon and Hitler failed to conquer Moscow but Russian armies – Tsarist and Soviet – have occupied every European capital east of the Rhine.

[...]

President Sarkozy's remarks that Russia had some rights in Georgia sent a chill down the spine of Baltic states which have Russian speaking citizens, installed after Stalin's invasion of these small countries in 1940. Finland, which fought a war with Russia in 1940, shivers at what the new Putin doctrine might mean.

[...]

Putin may have thought that sweeping the Georgian pawn off the board was the end of the game. Alas, it is is only the beginning, and Britain cannot betray Poland and its fellow EU and Nato allies as Chamberlain did in the 1930s.

McShane does seem to have a talent for distilling all the cliches uttered about Russia's "aggression" in Georgia to the purest grade of wingnuttery, doesn't he, with his talk about not betraying Poland "as Chamberlain did in the 1930s." It's great stuff, but to me Marko still has the edge, as he wouldn't make such schoolboy errors in his rants.

Tags:
New Cold War, Russia, wingnuts

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Jamie is annoyed at how a perfectly natural bit of Russian forward planning is seen as evidence of nefarious intentions:

Have we really got so used to just blundering about that the existence of a plan -- in this case the organisation of a response if attacked, the institutional capability to bring it about and the intelligence assets to get the timing right -- in itself qualifies the Russians as aggressors?

Apparantly we have, as I've not only seen this argument --that their quick response time proved the Russians had planned this conflict and were just waiting for an excuse to attack -- in the Danger Room post that irked Jamie, but also in the big NYT writeup of the war, as well as on various liberal geopolitical blogs. Considering the speed with which the Russians responded -- Georgia started its invasion of South Ossetia on August the 7th and by August 10th the Russians had chased them back over the border-- it's a natural conclusion to jump to.

But it's the wrong one. There's nothing strange about the quick Russian response, considering the crisis had been simmering for months, had just heated up in July and gotten active in the first week of August. All armies make contingency plans and it makes sense for the Russian troops stationed in North Ossetia to have a plan on how to deal with a Georgian invasion of South Ossetia. Furthermore, because there's only one route between the two Ossetias, one that could be cut off relatively easy, it also makes sense for the Russians to start moving troops the moment Georgia attacks in earnest, as they can't afford to be stuck on the wrong side of that tunnel when that happens. They need to establish a foothold outside the tunnel, keep it open for reinforcements and of course keep the Georgians from blowing it up. The Russian commander might even have standing orders to move in if Georgia gets too aggresive.

Now if we look what happened two weeks ago, we saw the Russians responding almost exactly in the pattern I just described. Their local forces moved into South Ossetia in a hurry, with some local air support but no air superiority and got to Tskhinvali roughly a day after the Georgians had started their invasion. At that time the Georgians were largely in control of that city, but there were still pockets of resistance. The Russian counterattack drove the Georgian forces from the city, but wasn't strong enough to prevent them from regrouping and going back on the offensive. It was only after the weekend, on Monday and Tuesday that the Georgians fled South Ossetia and the Russians moved into Georgia proper. And it was then that I first saw stories saying that the Russians had planned this invasion.

By the time it became clear Saakashvili had gambled and lost, it was this narrative --that Russia had lured him into invading as to have a pretext for dealing with Georgia once and for all-- that became established in the western media. With Georgian territory now in firm Russian control, it was easy to show Russia as the aggressor, as long as Saakashvili's blunder could be ignored or whitewashed. The idea that Russia entrapted Saakashvili was tailor made for this.

Read more about:
South Ossetia, Georgia, war

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Pakistani dictator and president Pervez Musharraf resigns his position rather than face a formal impeachment process started up by his opposition. If Pakistan can do this, why can't the United States?

Impeach Bush already!

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Eight O'Clock Ferry to the Windward Side
Clive Stafford Smith
307 pages including index
published in 2007

Lord knowns there have been a lot of depressing books published about America's war on terror; not to mention a metric shitload of blogs writing about it, including my own. So what good is yet another book decrying the injustices committed at Guantanamo Bay? After all, if you don't know about them by now, you'll never know. But when the author is one of the lawyer volunteers defending the victims of the war on terror, who has been coming to Guantanamo for years and who also manages to inject some humour in what's otherwise a bloody dreary subject.

Clive Stafford Smith is somebody who has a lot of experience with worthwhile but hopeless causes, as he spent years working on death penalty cases in the American Deep South. When the news about the establishment of the Guantanamo Bay prison camp became known he didn't hesitate, but immediately got involved. Eight O'Clock Ferry to the Windward Side is based on his personal experiences at Guantanamo. The title is a reference to the fact that all the lawyers have to stay on the leeward side of the bay and therefore have to take the morning ferry to get to their clients each day. Surprisingly for a book on such a dark subject matter, Eight O'Clock Ferry to the Windward Side is quite funny in places, due to the absurdity of some of the situations Clive Stafford Smith and his clients find themselves in.

Read more...

Read more about:
Clive Stafford Smith, Eight O'Clock Ferry to the Windward Side, Guantanamo Bay, War on Terror, politics, book review

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I thought it no more than fair to give my own list of twenty essential science fiction books of the past twenty years, after my criticism yesterday. Below then is a list of the twenty books I think you should read to get a good overview of developments in science fiction in the past twenty years. Some groundrules:

• The books listed are representative of a particular subgenre or development, not necessarily the best books of the past two decades.
• they're all books I've read myself
• No series, because that would be cheating
• As with the original lists, the John Clute and Peter Nicholls Encyclopedia of Science Fiction is added as a free, twentyfirst choice. I've looked hard for another essential non-fiction book, but there isn't any of the same stature.
• Books are listed in order of publication, from 1988-2008

Brothers in Arms (1989) -- Lois McMaster Bujold
The Miles Vorkogisan series is one of the best examples of mil-sf or military science fiction, a subgenre that came to prominence in the late eighties/early nineties. lots of it is dreck, rightwing power fantasies, but Bujold proves it is possible to write good mil-sf novels.

Rats and Gargoyles (1990) -- Mary Gentle
A somewhat overlooked writer, but where she went with this novel a lot of writers would follow later, exploring a world where a different sort of science was established.

Earth (1990) -- David Brin
To a large extent, we're living in the world Brin described here. 'Nuff said.

Use of Weapons (1990) -- Iain M. Banks
The best of the Culture and the best of the New Space Opera that got going in the late eighties.

Heir to the Empire (1991) -- Timothy Zahn
Surprisingly readable, this book opened the floodgates for a veritable deluge of Star Wars tieins, comics, merchandise and ultimately the prequel movies.

A Fire Upon the Deep (1992) -- Vernor Vinge
Vinge had already established his idea of the Singularity in his earlier novels and stories, but with this novel it started to dominate science fiction, as a whole generation of writers became convinced that the Singularity was real and needed to be worked around.

Snow Crash (1992) -- Neal Stephenson
The book that opened up cyberpunk to be more than just the adventures of lowlifes with hightech.

Ammonite (1993) -- Nicola Griffith
Though at first it looked to have disappeared in the eighties, science fiction exploring feminist and gender themes was still being published. Ammonite was one of the first and best of a new wave of these sort of novels.

Gun, with Occasional Music (1994) -- Jonathan Lethem
Science fiction has never been as hermetically sealed from the rest of literature as some of its fans like to think and writers have crossed over in both directions since before there was science fiction, but what was new in the 1990s was that there was a whole generation of literary writers fully aware of all science fiction traditions, who moved in and out of their genre when the mood struck them.

Axiomatic (1995) -- Greg Egan
Greg Egan's first short story collection. Egan was the last major writer whose strenght was unambigiously the short story rather than the novel as well as the hardest hard science fiction writer of the nineties.

The Star Fraction (1995) -- Ken MacLeod
During the eighties it had been the Americans who led the way in writing near future science fiction; cyberpunk being a largely american affair. With The Star Fraction the Brits took over the torch.

Catch the Lightning (1996) -- Catherine Asaro
Science fiction romance, a very succesful subgenre but largely ignored by the critics... Not my genre either.

In the Garden of Eden (1997) -- Kage Baker
The first in a popular series of time travel/secret history novels where the focus is not on either the time travel or the secret history, but on the somewhat mundane concerns of the hero of the series.

Cryptonomicom (1999) -- Neal Stephenson
Another breach in the walls of science fiction's insularity: this was labelled science fiction, sold as science fiction and generally accepted as science fiction, but was it really?

Perdido Street Station (2000) -- China Miéville
The book that launched the New Weird, the closest science fiction has come to another cyberpunk or New Wave movement.

Nine Layers of Sky (2003) -- Liz Williams
One example of a growing subgenre of books with a real world grounding intersected with a retrofuturistic, steampunk sf element.

Fitzpatrick's War (2004) -- Theodore Judson
By now, the mil-sf genre has crystalised so much razorsharp parodies of it are possible. In one neat package, all the cliches of the genre are skewered.

Accelerando (2005) -- Charlie Stross
An example of the new blogdriven generation of authors like Scalzi and Doctorow, nerdy, computer and internet literate to a degree rarely found in previous generations. (Don't mention Jerry "I need my friends at Cisco or IBM to reboot my modem" Pournelle)

The Vance Integral Edition (1999 - 2006)-- Jack Vance
The ultimate in fandriven publishing projects, but it wasn't alone; NESFA press for example also published a lot of new, definitive collections of old favourites.

Farthing (2006) -- Jo Walton
One example of the maturing of the alternate history genre, accesible to both fans and those new to the genre with a writer confident enough not to spell things out, not to use shock tactics to show the essential horror of an early peace between England and Germany in World War II.

This is a personal list, selected (with the exception of the Vance Integral Edition) from my own personal library. There are obviously holes in it, subgenres I don't read or examples of trends I don't like (e.g. self-indulgent sequels by once great authors, carnage porn). If you got books I missed, you could always make a case for them in the comments.

Read more about:
science fiction, obsessive list making

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Torque Control reports on the "20 essential science fiction books of the past 20 years" panel at the just finished Worldcon. These are the results of the jury:

• The Culture Novels, Iain M Banks (starting 1987)
• The Hyperion Cantos, Dan Simmons (starting 1989)
• Grass, Sherri S Tepper (1989)
• The Aleutian Trilogy, Gwyneth Jones (starting 1991)
• The Mars Trilogy, Kim Stanley Robinson (starting 1992)
• Snow Crash, Neal Stephenson (1992)
• The Flower Cities sequence, Kathleen Ann Goonan (starting 1994)
• Fairyland, Paul McAuley (1996)
• Diaspora, Greg Egan (1997)
• Revelation Space, Alastair Reynolds (2000)
• The Arabesks, Jon Courtenay Grimwood (starting 2000)
• Light, M John Harrison (2002)
• Stories of Your Life and Others, Ted Chiang (2002)
• Evolution, Stephen Baxter (2003)
• Pattern Recognition, William Gibson (2003)
• Cloud Atlas, David Mitchell (2004)
• Air, Geoff Ryman (2004)
• River of Gods, Ian McDonald (2004)
• Accelerando, Charles Stross (2005)
• Spin, Robert Charles Wilson (2005)

It's a bit heavy on the series and a bit light on female authors, but its worst flaw s that there is little variety in the type of science fiction books on display here. There's only one short story collection (two if you count Accelerando, which started life as a series of short stories), but no less than six different series considered essential. There's a lot of cyberpunk and post-cyberpunk (Stephenson, McAuley, Egan, Gibson and Stross), as well as New Space Opera (Banks, Simmons, Reynolds, Baxter), some smattering of big literary books (Harrison, Ryman and Mitchell, arguably Gibson as well) and in general these are all Big, Important books liked by science fiction critics. Which is understandable, as this list was created by a a panel of science fiction critics after all. This is not to complain that this list is too literary, far from it. Most of these books are hardcore science fiction, beloved by fans and critics alike and which were paid a lot of attention when they were originally published. It's a great list of books, but I think it will give you a skewed view of "the state of science fiction" of the past twenty years.

For a start, if you really wanted to show how science fiction developed over this time period, one of the first books you have to put up would be Timothy Zahn's Heir to the Empire, the first in his trilogy of Star Wars spinoff novels, because it was in no large part due to these that the fortunes of this franchise revived. Its success led to a veritable flood of other Star Wars spinoff books and comics, proved that there was still a market for Star Wars so ultimately paved the way for the prequels. Frnachise books have always been an important, if slightly embarassing part of science fiction, so a list of essential books needs to have at least one of them.

Also conspicious by their absence is any kind of mil-sf or alternate history novel. You could argue that the Jon Courtenay Grimwood series is alternate history, but there the divergence is only used as background. What's missing is a novel like Christopher Priest's The Separation or Jo Walton's Farthing, where the point of the novel is to explore how history could be altered and what the consequences would be, rather than using this as just another exotic setting.

As for mil-sf, this is a genre that came of age exactly in the timeperiod covered by the list, yet you wouldn't know it from this. Partially this might be because so much of it is so goddamn awful, but there have been some good examples of the genre as well. If David Weber is a step too far, what about any of Lois McMaster Bujold's Vorkosigan novels, or even Theodore Judson's Fitzpatrick's War?

But the most glaring mistake on this list is that it has Greg Egan's Diaspora, rather than any of his short story collections, which are a) much better and b) much more representative. Egan was one of the last sf writers who came to prominence through writing short stories as opposed to novels. Sure, there have been many writers since then who've broken into science fiction with short stories, but I can think of only a handful who got the same buzz as Egan did solely on their short stories: Ted Chiang, Paolo Bacigalupi (even if I can't stand them myself) and perhaps Charlie Stross. To leave out Luminous or Axiomatic in favour of Diaspora is just bizarre.

Read more about:
science fiction, obsessive list making

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Ever since I started blogging about the War for South Ossetia last Friday my hitcount went up dramatically. Was it because of my, if I say so myself, insightful posts on this until then rather obscure conflict, or was it just a coincidence?

sadly, yes.

It wasn't people googling South Ossetia and finding me, nor recommendations from other blogs that drove people here. Rather, it was that the Olympics had started, a certain BBC sports commentator was back on the screens again and for a certain sort of perv this was a inspiration to do a Google image search for Sharron Davies' nipples again.

Remember Nipplegate, when the BBC allegedly only used closeups of Sharron Davies' head and shoulders because otherwise the viewer might be distracted by her bullet points, so to speak? No? Well, some people do and started googling for pictures the moment Sharron Davies first appeared at the Beijing Olympics. Coincidently (?) many of whom seem to be Everton fans.

So thank you internet perverts, for driving up the hitcount, even if I'd rather y'all had come here for the brilliant posts rather than the cheap sexual thrill.

Read more about:
Sharron Davies, internet perverts, hitcount

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And for the moment it seems he wants it, as long as Georgia agrees to his terms:

The key demands are that the Georgian leader pledges, in an agreement that is signed and legally binding, to abjure all use of force to resolve Georgia's territorial disputes with the two breakaway pro-Russian provinces of South Ossetia and Abkhazia; and that Georgian forces withdraw entirely from South Ossetia and are no longer part of the joint "peacekeeping" contingent there with Russian and local Ossetian forces.

Medvedev also insisted the populations of the two regions had to be allowed to vote on whether they wanted to join Russia, prefiguring a possible annexation that would enfeeble Georgia and leave Saakashvili looking crushed. If he balked at the terms, said Sergei Lavrov, Russia's foreign minister: "We will be forced to take other measures to prevent any repetition of the situation that emerged because of the outrageous Georgian aggression."

Saakashvili wanted a quick blitzkrieg war to forcibly rejoin South Ossetia with Georgia, confident in his army's ability to defeat the Ossetian militia after all the financial support and training it had gotten from the Americans. He never prepared for the worst case scenario, but that's what he got. Even now he's belligerent, despite the loss of not just South Ossetia, but also Abkhazia and with the Russians having crushed his army, when it actually fought and not ran away that is. He's the perfect example of how infectious the neocon/Bushite mentality is, in that he seems to think that bellowing loudly about how evil the Russians are and dodgy metaphors about Munich 1938 can change the reality of the crushing, unnecessary defeat his country has suffered.

The Russians on the other hand must be nearly as happy as The War Nerd --who was just happy to see a proper war for once-- with this war. At last they got to humiliate one of the upstart breakaway republics that used to be theirs, not to mention the yanks by proxy, got Abkhazia and South Ossetia handed them on a platter and an opportunity how magnanimous they are by not overrunning Georgia entirely.

Fair point to Saakashvili though, he does seem to have won the media war, as most western media seem to either accept that Russia was the outright agressor, or that it somehow "forced" Saakashvili to invade South Ossetia, despite all evidence to the contrary. As The Exile calls it, Georgia made full use of "the CNN effect", by quickly getting its talking points about the war across to the opinion makers, as well as having Saakashvili looking all western and decent and talking English, contrasting well with the much less western looking, odd talking Russians. Even the Russian spokespeople speaking English did so with thick accents and saying loony things; one I heard threatened nuclear war if the Ukraine made good on its threat to deny Russia's Black Sea fleet a return to harbour. Moreover, the Georgians were better at getting moral support by showing footage of Russian atrocities, as I wrote on Monday. This went so far that CNN used footage of Tskhinvali ruins caused during the Georgian offensive when talking about the Russian attack on Gori! Well played Saakashvili, but it didn't matter in the end.

Read more about:
South Ossetia, Georgia, war

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