Why watch something you cannot understand?

Speaking of translating, as we were doing last Saturday, here’s an ancient fan rant about the sort of people who watch Very Japanese Anime:

It’s a show about Japanese references and Japanese wordplay. It’s not primarily a life sitcom or a slapstick act or anything “universal” like that. You could and should be watching something else – it’s not like we’re wanting for English sitcoms or sketch programs. If you’re watching it with English subs, or probably with any subs, you’re

  • Japanese, but interested in how one would translate if one had the time on his hands.
  • a pun-lover like me, but have made the inexplicable decision to look for your puns wedged forcefully into localizations of Japanese things instead of in one of the many well-crafted and legitimate sources of English puns.
  • full of shit, watching this because you like anime just for being anime, and because you want to go read a bunch of explanations later and then congratulate yourself/brag about what a smart Japanophile you are and how you definitely totally got all the jokes.

The show they’re talking about is Joshiraku, a 2012 slice of moe comedy series about a group of female rakugo performers. Rakugo is a Japanese storytelling art form with its roots in the Edo period and specialises in telling long, complicated mostly humorous stories, usually set in that period. The performer relies only on their storytelling technique, voicing each character themselves, using a small fan and cloth as props but apart from that relying only on their voice, mime and facial acting. The stories themselves are usually full of wordplay, puns and historical references so often hard to understand for non-Japanese. None of which matters for this series however, as the focus is instead on the four girls interacting with each other while they’re waiting to go on stage, or during the intervals or after having concluded a show. (The closest it comes to actual rakugo is at the start of the ending song. The problem is that their conversations, despite the anime’s emphasis that these are just “ordinary so that viewers can fully enjoy how cute the girls are”, they’re actually stuffed even more full of wordplay, puns and obscure references than the rakugo would’ve been. An impression of the difficulties this makes for translating and subtitling this mess can be found in the translator notes its fansubber left behind.

Nevertheless I did laugh. Even if ninetyfive percent of the jokes and references went over my head, I still laughed. To insist that you have to be either Japanese or fluent in the language enough to recognise the puns seems a bit harsh, as the original poster does acknowledge in their addendum. (A very Yankee mentality on display there, that confusion on why you’d want to watch something foreign instead of something more easily digestible and in English). To be honest, I didn’t go into Joshiraku with more on my mind than that it looked like a cute, funny series with a bit of a reputation of being ‘difficult’. That latter turned out to be exaggerated. Most of it was perfectly understandable even if many individual jokes or sight gags didn’t land for me. (Also a testament to its fansubber’s hard work!)

There’s another sort of pleasure to be had in this sort of dense, hyper layered material, the pleasure of getting to grips with it, seeing the patterns, understanding a certain reference or gag maybe only years or even decades later. Glimpsing a larger world through these half understood allusions. It’s very much the same thing as when I first started to read Marvel comics, similar to finding where an obscure sample in a rap song originally came from. It’s the sort of thing I’m always unconsciously looking out for in my entertainment. A nerdy sort of pleasure seeking, but a sincere one.

You need to understand both languages — Martin’s increasingly petty translation rules

That sounds obvious right? If you want to translate something, you need to understand what’s being said in the original language, then adapt it for the language you want to translate it in, making sure it still makes sense there and hopefully mean the same. More difficult then you might think. Here’s a good example, not taken from anime this time, but from the Danish version of Taskmaster, as presented by the official Taskmaster Youtube channel.

the Taskmaster asks: do you sometimes move down from the purple to the red field

This sentence makes no sense in English. Clearly there’s some Danish expression or saying being used here that’s been translated literally. From context you can sort of guess that it’s about Julie being angry and needing to calm down, but this whole exchange made no sense in the subtitles. I don’t even know if moving from the purple to the red field means she’s getting angrier or more calm. A clear translation failure where the translator didn’t realise this was some sort of expression and therefore didn’t get the meaning across in English. Had they understood this was an expression and understood what the expression meant, they could’ve either used an English equivalent, or chosen to just get its implied meaning across. But they didn’t, so they didn’t.

That’s why just being able to recognise words and sentences is not good enough. You need to understand the source language well enough to know what’s being said, but also what is meant by what’s being said. You then need to understand the target well enough to be able to get the meaning across in a way that both makes sense in it and is reasonably faithful to the original. If you lack the former, you get this mess. If you lack the latter, you get what you see in a lot of scanlations of manga and especially Korean manhwa or Chinese manhua, where the translator recognises the expression in the original but has no clue as to the equivalent in English, so translates it literally and plops down a translation note. (Occassionally you get somebody who does think of the equivalent in English and just plops that in the translation note.)

What you see with this translation of the Danish Taskmaster in general is something that’s just functional enough to have as Youtube subtitles, but that’s it. A pity because the series itself is hilarious, with a nice group of competitors and a great Taskmaster and assistant. If you like the original, you’ll like this one as well. Having those substandard subtitles however makes it just that little bit harder to enjoy.

R.E.S.P.E.C.T — Martin’s increasingly petty translation rules

Who’d want to be an anime translator? No matter what you do, some monolingual schlub on Reddit or Twitter will accuse you of DoInG iT wRoNg, or worse injected politics in your subtitles, insisting that Japanese should be translated literally and that machine translation is good enough. You’re expected to work quickly enough that a new episode is translated and subtitled on the day it is released in Japan and most streaming services will not only not credit you, they’ll pay you not enough to live on:

Yes, you heard it right: Crunchyroll pays translators eighty bucks per episode, according to the Canipa Effect’s video above. That’s from two years ago and I’ve heard scuttlebutt that conditions for translators are slowly improving, but the reality of the business is still that it’s hard work for little pay and even less respect. Especially under the sort of time pressure same day streaming services put translators. You may have the script the week before the episode is released but even if there are no differences between it and the episode, you still need to do the actual subtitling. And often there are differences, or things that only become clear once they’re heard in the context of the episode. Do keep in mind that the subtitling itself isn’t that easy either; it needs to be timed properly with the audio and fit properly on the screen too, not to mention that it needs to be clear who’s speaking. All of which also can impact the translation as frex the chosen text doesn’t fit or cannot be timed correctly and needs to be adjusted.

Bye-bye, Mr. Hambirdglar!

It’s frustrating all this hard work is not rewarded properly and almost as frustrating must be that it’s usually uncredited as well. I don’t know which genius came up with this particular pun in episode 8 of Sono Bisque Doll Wa Koi Wo Suru because Funimation refuses to credit any of its staff working on their releases. So does Funimation and even Netflix. The only streaming service consistently giving credit is Hidive/Sentai Filmworks, who have a separate credit section listing both the Japanese and their own staff tacked on to each episode. It’s thanks to that I know that Jake Jung was responsible for the excellent translation on this seasons Paripi Koumei for example. Really this should be the standard at all streaming services, a little bit of credit for the people doing the work.

These then are the first two of Martin’s increasingly petty rules for translating anime: 1) pay your translators (all staff really) a living wage and 2) give them proper credit. Not too controversial yet I think, but this is only the first in a series of posts I want to do on what I think is good translation. The focus here will be mostly on subtitled animation as I don’t care about dubs, but I’ll also talk about manga and even *gasp* other forms of translation than from Japanese to English.

Unexpected ikemen in the bagging area

Bear with me. One of the more irritating ‘controversies in anime/manga/light novel/etc fandom is the localisation versus literal debate about translations and subtitles. There’s a small but loud group of mostly rightwing fans who prefer their translation to be as literal and as much like the original Japanese as possible and who see all other translations as suspect. This usual goes hand in hand with conspiracy theories about Funimation polluting their precious bodily fluids with SJW language in their translations. The idea that there’s an art to translation, that you can’t just go word by word like some robot and expect anything good or even understandable to come out of it just doesn’t land with these people.

This hasn’t stopped professional translator Sarah Moon, here comparing the excellent, slang laden puntastic official subtitles of My Dress-UP Darling/Sono Bisque Doll wa Koi o Suru with an as literal as possible translation of the spoken Japanese. It’s brilliant and hilarious and it shows just how stilted and awkward this insistence on literalness makes things. You end up with sentences that still make some sort of sense but are just never said in English, sentences that sound as if you had a stroke. It also shows just how good the unknown translator/subtitler of the series is, being able to put so much character in such a limited space. I wish Crunchyroll and other parties would actually credit their translators (and other staff) like Hi-Dive does.

On anime translation

When a certain Crunchyroll employee showed off the company’s new offices on Twitter (since deleted) a small controversy popped up about the company’s translation rates:

just a reminder that the contractors who actually translate shows for crunchyroll get paid $80 per episode without benefits, while a lot of other people at the company make close to six-figure salaries

In a way it’s fitting that translators/subtitlers get paid just as crappily by the US streaming companies as animators are by the Japanese studios. In both cases it’s the people doing the actual work who get the least rewarded for it. You can’t make anime without animators and you can’t stream anime abroad without translators and when you underpay both you get crappy anime paired with equally crappy subtitles. Especially when both are created under extreme time pressure. The relentless death march of seasonal anime has been well documented (and even fictionalised in Shirobako), but no less so are the demands of an international market wanting subbed anime to be available within an hour of the Japanese broadcast. Granted, scripts, rough anime cuts and the finalised version will be available earlier than that to the translator and subtitler, but an at best weekly turnaround still puts a lot of pressure on the people doing this, especially if they’re working on multiple shows.

The subtitled dialogue says Miyako Kono, while the translated caption says Kono Miyako

Which they have to, if they’re paid that badly. If you’re only making eighty bucks per episode, better line up more episodes. No wonder you get things like this from 22/7, where the dialogue reverse the Japanese name order but the translated caption keeps it. Or slightly later in the episode, where the manager introduces himself and the dialogue has his name as Goda but the translated business card says Gouda. No time for proper quality control and the people doing it are paid too little to care for consistency. And those are just the things I noticed with my limited knowledge of Japanese; Shitty Simulcasts noticed a hell of a lot more, including just not translating text messages at all.

Understandable. If you pay peanuts, you get monkeys. If you don’t even credit the monkeys that work for you, like both Funimation and Crunchyroll (but not Sentai, which has full credits for both Japanese and their own staff after each episode), there’s even less incentive of doing anything above a passable job. Professional pride can only take you so far.

Translating nee-nee as Big Sister also loses something

Personally I can’t blame the translators and subtitlers for this. It’s the unwillingness of the streaming companies to pay for proper translations and the time pressures of the simulcast markets that are to blame, a structural problem that goes beyond individual translators. The first problem is easily solved if a company like Crunchyroll took its responsibilty and paid translators a living wage. The second is less so. As long as we have this relentless pressure of seasonal anime, time for a proper translation will remain limited.

I do wonder how much we anime fans actually want or need these simulcasts. Personally, more often than not I end up watching an episode only a day or even several days after its first release, or some series only once they’re completed. But as long as the anime streaming companies are competing with each other (and Netflix, Amazon) on both how many series they simulcast as how quickly they simulcast, we can’t solve this problem. Still, paying your staff properly should not be complicated. Nor should it be difficult to actually credit them for the work they’re doing.